Conventional IVF/Insemination (CI) mimics what takes place during natural conception by allowing the egg to choose the best sperm. Washed sperm are placed in a petri-dish with all retrieved eggs and the race begins. Total fertilization failure (TFF) is observed in ~10-15% of cases where no eggs fertilize. This is typically because of impaired sperm-egg zona pellucida (ZP) binding and/or poor ZP penetration by the sperm. For this reason, many IVF programs recommend ICSI.